John Carpenter Toxic Commando vs Far Cry New Dawn

• Perspective: First-Person
• Multiplayer: Cooperative (2 player online for campaign and Expeditions)
• Setting: Post-Apocalyptic Hope County, Montana, USA & various Expedition locations
• Platforms: PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Google Stadia

• Guns for Hire (Humans): Each human companion has two unique, unlockable abilities that enhance their combat effectiveness. Examples: Carmina Rye can throw multiple sticks of dynamite; The Judge shoots 3 arrows at once and his arrows track moving targets; Nana can see through smoke and shoot through cover; Pastor Jerome uses incendiary shotgun shells and blesses the player with reduced damage; Gina Guerra uses explosive rounds and never runs out of ammo for her LMG; Hurk Drubman Jr.'s rockets track vehicles more effectively and he reloads faster.
  Human
• Fangs for Hire (Animals): Timber (dog) automatically tags enemies and nearby crafting materials, can dig for resources, fetch weapons from downed enemies, and scare off some hostile wildlife. Horatio (boar) is a powerful tank who charges enemies, shatters shields, draws enemy fire, and can self-revive once from being downed in combat, making him exceptionally resilient.
  Dog (Akita), Boar

• MP3 Players: Found in various locations throughout Hope County and on Expedition maps. Each one found unlocks a new music track that can be listened to via the in-game music player, adding to the player's auditory experience and world immersion.
• Dear Photograph Locations: Specific viewpoints in Hope County. Interacting with them shows the player a pre-Collapse photograph of that exact location, highlighting the drastic changes over 17 years and providing a poignant narrative touch about what was lost.
• Treasure Hunts: Marked locations on the map that involve solving environmental puzzles, navigating obstacles, or finding keys to access a hidden stash. Rewards typically include Perk Points, crafting materials (often rare), and sometimes unique weapon skins or Far Cry Credits.

• Post-Apocalypse (Vibrant 'Superbloom' aesthetic)
• Survival & Scarcity
• Rebuilding Civilization
• Faction Warfare (Survivors vs. Highwaymen)
• Hope vs. Desperation
• Environmental Transformation & Reclamation by Nature
• Found Family
• The Legacy of Past Sins (Fallout from FC5 events)

• Makeshift Firearms: Various (Pistols, Rifles, SMGs, Shotguns, Sniper Rifles, LMGs, Bows)
  A wide array of firearms with a distinct scavenged, jury-rigged aesthetic. Weapons are tiered from Rank I (grey), Rank II (blue), Rank III (purple), to Elite Rank (gold). Higher tiers feature significantly better damage, more mod slots, and often unique visual elements like colorful paint or added scrap metal. Ammo types are generally standard, with bows offering special arrows (piercing, explosive).
• Saw Launchers: Special/Heavy
  Signature weapons of New Dawn. They fire sawblades that can ricochet off surfaces. Multiple variants exist, including ones that fire multiple blades or have enhanced damage, becoming increasingly devastating at higher ranks.
• Melee Weapons: Melee (Blunt, Edged, Improvised)
  Crafted melee weapons like spiked baseball bats, reinforced pipes, makeshift spears, and sharpened blades. Also tiered, with higher ranks offering more damage and durability. Some can be thrown.
• Explosives & Throwables: Gadget/Consumable
  Craftable grenades, dynamite, Molotov cocktails, C4, and proximity mines. Their appearance reflects the makeshift nature of the post-apocalypse. Upgrading the Explosives Lab in Prosperity unlocks more powerful versions.
• Energy Weapons: Special (Elite Rank)
  Late-game weapons like the Blaster Rifle, which fire energy projectiles and are particularly effective against high-rank, armored Highwaymen.

• Gear Sets & Pieces: Players craft and equip individual gear pieces for Head, Torso, Legs, Hands, and Feet. Each piece provides specific perks (e.g., reduced damage from melee, faster movement while crouched, increased ammo capacity for a weapon type). Gear is tiered (Rank I to Elite). Equipping multiple pieces from the same 'Set' (e.g., Highwaymen Set, Scout Set, Heavy Set) grants additional powerful set bonuses, encouraging players to tailor their gear to their preferred playstyle (stealth, run-and-gun, tank).
• Cosmetic Outfits: Purely cosmetic full-body outfits that change the player character's appearance. These do not provide any stat bonuses or perks and are separate from the functional gear system. Many are unlocked through gameplay, challenges, or were part of special editions/packs.

• Makeshift Gear Pieces: Players equip individual pieces of gear for head, torso, legs, hands, and feet. These items have a distinct post-apocalyptic, scavenged aesthetic, often incorporating scrap metal, leather, and repurposed materials. The visual design of gear often reflects its set type (e.g., Highwaymen gear looks aggressive and cobbled together, Scout gear looks lighter and more agile).
• Cosmetic Outfits & Weapon Skins: A variety of full-body cosmetic outfits (e.g., 'Space Force' outfit, 'Retro Sci-Fi' outfit) and weapon skins allow players to change their visual appearance and weapon aesthetics without affecting gameplay stats. Many are unlocked through in-game progression, completing challenges, finding them in the world, or via special editions and microtransactions.

The progression system is built around four classes: Strike, Medic, Operator, and Defender. Each class has a unique skill tree fueled by Sludgite. Players can unlock active abilities like Strike's Fireball palm blast or the Operator's autonomous drones. Weapons have their own progression called 'Weapon Prestige,' where players can reset weapon tiers to unlock legendary skins and specialized mods. Additionally, character stats can be boosted via 'Residium,' focusing on health, ammo capacity, and vehicle repair speed. The 'Triple Currency' economy (Sludgite, Residium, Mortite) ensures players must engage with multiple difficulty levels to fully max out their build.

Progression is heavily tied to upgrading the Prosperity home base. Facilities like the Weapons Workbench, Garage, Training Camp, Infirmary, Explosives Lab, Healing Garden, and Cartography office can be upgraded using Ethanol, unlocking higher-tier weapon/vehicle crafting, increased health, stronger companions, faster fast travel, and revealed map locations. Players earn Perk Points from challenges, Treasure Hunts, and leveling up to unlock abilities in categories like Brawler, Covert, Survivor, and specific companion-enhancing perks. Crafting materials are diverse (Components, Duct Tape, Gears, Springs, Titanium, Carbon Fiber, Circuit Boards) and tiered, corresponding to weapon/vehicle ranks.

The game features nine massive, open-ended missions. Each map is roughly 2–4 square kilometers, filled with Points of Interest (POIs). Regions vary from industrial facilities to terraformed 'gunk' wastelands. Players must navigate treacherous, physics-based mud and sludge that can trap vehicles. The terrain deformation is dynamic, meaning the 'Mud-Tech' makes driving a tactical challenge rather than just a traversal method. The environments are designed to accommodate thousands of enemies at once, utilizing the Swarm Engine's verticality and scale to create claustrophobic facility runs and wide-open defense zones.

Hope County's map is a condensed and significantly altered version of Far Cry 5's, reflecting 17 years of post-nuclear transformation. Familiar landmarks are often overgrown or repurposed. Key areas include Prosperity (home base), Highwaymen outposts, and New Eden's territory. A major addition is 'Expeditions,' which take players to self-contained, off-map locations across the USA, such as a crashed I.S.S. space station in Louisiana, Alcatraz Island, a Navajo Bridge in Arizona, a Florida amusement park, and a government plane wreck. These offer unique environments and high-value resources.

• Makeshift Cars, Trucks, ATVs, Motorcycles: Land Vehicle
  A wide variety of ground vehicles, all sporting a distinct post-apocalyptic, scavenged, and often armored or weaponized appearance. Vehicles are tiered (Rank I to Elite) and can be crafted at the Garage in Prosperity. Higher-tier vehicles offer better durability, speed, and mounted weaponry (e.g., machine guns, saw launchers). Examples include rusty sedans with plows, dune buggies with mounted MGs, and armored trikes.
• Boats: Water Vehicle
  Basic watercraft like fan boats and small patrol boats, reflecting the makeshift theme. Useful for traversing Hope County's extensive river network. Some may have light mounted weapons at higher craftable tiers.
• Helicopters: Air Vehicle
  Craftable and upgradable helicopters, crucial for rapid traversal of the map and providing air support. They also feature a scavenged look and can be equipped with weapons like machine guns or rockets at higher tiers. Essential for quickly reaching Expedition start points or out-of-the-way locations.
• Unique & Special Vehicles: Land/Air Vehicle
  Includes special pre-order or Deluxe Edition vehicles (like the Unicorn Trike), and potentially some unique vehicles found or awarded through specific missions or Treasure Hunts. These often have distinct visual flair or slightly enhanced stats.

• Timber: Akita Dog
  Fangs for Hire (Scouting, Tagging, Resource Finding, Reviving, Defensive)
• Horatio: Boar
  Fangs for Hire (Tank, Aggressive Combat, Shield Breaking, Self-Revive, Distraction)
• Monstrous Wildlife: Mutated Bison, Bear, Cougar, Wolf, Boar, Snapping Turtle
  Hostile Elite Fauna. These are larger, tougher, and more aggressive versions of normal wildlife, often with unique visual mutations. They guard specific locations or roam certain areas and drop rare crafting materials (e.g., Monstrous Hides, Monstrous Bones) needed for high-tier upgrades.
• Standard Wildlife: Deer, Skunk, Rabbit, Fish, Birds etc.
  Neutral Wildlife. Can be hunted for basic crafting materials (skins, meat for bait) and to complete hunting challenges. Some, like skunks or eagles, can be minor threats.

• The Captain of Security (Cap): Protagonist
  A customizable (male or female) silent protagonist. Arrives in Hope County with Thomas Rush's group, dedicated to helping settlements rebuild across the post-apocalyptic USA. Quickly becomes a key leader and fighter for Prosperity, known for their resourcefulness and combat prowess.
• Mickey (Michelle): Main Antagonist (Co-leader of Highwaymen)
  The more calculating and seemingly level-headed of the twin sisters leading the Highwaymen. She dictates their strategy and philosophy of taking what they want by force, believing it's the only way to survive and thrive in the new world. Despite her pragmatism, she is utterly ruthless.
• Lou (Louise): Main Antagonist (Co-leader of Highwaymen)
  The more volatile, aggressive, and sadistic of the Highwaymen twins. She revels in violence and destruction, often acting as the enforcer of their will. Her impulsiveness can sometimes clash with Mickey's plans, but her ferocity is undeniable.
• Carmina Rye: Supporting Character / Gun for Hire
  Daughter of Nick and Kim Rye, born at the very end of Far Cry 5. Now a determined young woman, she is one of the first residents of Prosperity the player meets and fights alongside. She embodies the hope for a better future and is deeply committed to her community. As a Gun for Hire, she uses dynamite effectively.
• Kim Rye (Kimiko Rye): Supporting Character (Leader of Prosperity)
  A key leader in Prosperity, Carmina's mother, and a returning character from Far Cry 5. She is resourceful and pragmatic, focused on the survival and growth of Prosperity. She tasks the player with many crucial upgrades for the home base.
• Thomas Rush: Supporting Character
  The charismatic leader of a well-equipped group traveling America to help communities rebuild. He brings the player (his Captain of Security) to Hope County. His ideals and methods sometimes clash with the harsh realities of the wasteland.
• The Judge: Companion (Gun for Hire)
  A silent, masked warrior from New Eden. Heavily implied to be the player's Junior Deputy character from Far Cry 5, having survived the nuclear blast and undergone a transformation under Joseph Seed. They are a master of stealth and the bow, and their presence is a constant reminder of the past.
• Joseph Seed: Supporting Character / Former Antagonist
  The former leader of Project at Eden's Gate from Far Cry 5. He survived the Collapse and now leads the secluded community of New Eden, preaching a different, more nature-focused philosophy. His role is complex, offering cryptic guidance and posing moral questions.
• Nana: Companion (Gun for Hire)
  An elderly woman who is a surprisingly skilled sniper. She's sharp-witted and deadly from a distance, providing excellent stealth and ranged support once recruited.
• Pastor Jerome Jeffries: Companion (Gun for Hire)
  Returning from Far Cry 5, the resilient pastor now acts as a powerful close-to-mid-range fighter, wielding a shotgun and Molotov cocktails, still fiercely protective of his flock.

• Main Story Campaign (Prosperity vs. Highwaymen)
  A series of missions that guide the player through upgrading Prosperity, recruiting key specialists (like a doctor, explosives expert, etc.), weakening the Highwaymen's grip on Hope County, and ultimately confronting their leaders, Mickey and Lou. It also involves interacting with Joseph Seed and the community of New Eden.
• Outpost Liberation & Scavenging
  Clear out Highwaymen-controlled Outposts to gain Ethanol (the primary resource for upgrading Prosperity facilities) and establish fast travel points. Once liberated, Outposts can be 'scavenged,' which returns them to Highwaymen control at a higher difficulty level (more alarms, tougher enemies) but offers significantly more Ethanol upon re-liberation. This forms a core repeatable gameplay loop for resource gathering.
• Expeditions (Rank I to III)
  Travel to unique, self-contained maps outside Hope County to retrieve a package containing rare crafting materials (like Carbon Fiber, Titanium, Circuit Boards). Each Expedition has 3 difficulty tiers, with higher tiers offering better rewards but featuring more numerous and tougher enemies, and sometimes modified objectives or extraction points.
• Specialist Recruitment & Loyalty Missions
  Side missions focused on finding and recruiting key specialists who provide unique upgrades to Prosperity's facilities (e.g., Bean for intel, Selene for healing garden). Some companions also have short loyalty missions that delve into their backstory or upgrade their abilities.
• Treasure Hunts
  Self-contained environmental puzzles marked on the map. Players must decipher clues, navigate obstacles, or find keys to access hidden stashes. These reward Perk Points, valuable crafting materials, Far Cry Credits, and sometimes unique weapon skins or lore notes.
• Story of Eden (New Eden Missions)
  A series of missions involving Joseph Seed and his community, New Eden. These often involve more mystical or introspective tasks, exploring Joseph's changed philosophy and the strange powers manifesting in the post-Collapse world.

The primary mode is 4-player Online Cooperative play. While the game can be played solo with AI bots, the experience is balanced for a full human squad. There is currently no PvP mode; the focus remains strictly on PvE horde survival and objective-based missions.

The primary multiplayer offering is two-player online co-op for the main campaign and Expeditions. Players can tackle missions, explore the world, and fight the Highwaymen together. Co-op enhances tactical options and allows for reviving downed partners. There is no competitive multiplayer mode or a map editor like Far Cry Arcade from Far Cry 5.

Standard Edition ($39.99) includes the base game. Blood Edition ($49.99) includes the 'Bloody Pass' (Season Pass) and an exclusive Cosmetic Pack with character and weapon skins. A special loyalty discount is offered to players who own Saber Interactive's previous hit, World War Z, acknowledging the engine's lineage. The Bloody Pass is also available standalone for $12.99, featuring seasonal cosmetic drops.

Available in Standard Edition and Deluxe Edition. The Deluxe Edition included the Knight Pack (SVD Claymore variant and sidecar motorcycle skin), the Hurk Legacy Pack (Hurkling outfit, Hurk's Wrath M249 variant, and Hurk Legacy off-road vehicle skin), and the Retro Sci-Fi M133M shotgun skin and RAT4 rocket launcher skin. Pre-order bonuses often included a unique Unicorn Trike skin.

The 'Bloody Pass' serves as the primary post-launch vehicle, focusing on cosmetic rewards. Saber has hinted at 'Horde Mode XL' updates similar to World War Z, which would push the Swarm Engine to its absolute limits with even larger enemy counts. Map expansions and new commandos are planned for Year 1.

Post-launch support for Far Cry New Dawn was minimal compared to mainline titles. It primarily consisted of cosmetic item packs available for purchase (e.g., weapon skins, outfits) and some free Ubisoft Club rewards. No major narrative DLC expansions were released, as the game itself is a spin-off sequel.

• Q: Can I play John Carpenter's Toxic Commando offline?
  A: No, the game requires a persistent internet connection even for solo play with bots.
• Q: Is there a checkpoint system in missions?
  A: Missions do not have mid-way checkpoints. If you die in solo play without a Sludge Seed, you must restart the mission from the beginning.
• Q: Does the game support split-screen local co-op?
  A: No, the game only supports online cooperative play for up to four players.
• Q: What is the benefit of Weapon Prestige?
  A: Prestiging a weapon resets its Tier but unlocks unique legendary skins and shows mastery status to other players.
• Q: How does the 'Mud-Tech' affect gameplay?
  A: Mud slows down vehicles and characters. Specific vehicles like the Armored Truck have winches to pull others out of deep sludge, making traversal a tactical element.

• Q: Is Far Cry New Dawn a full game or DLC for Far Cry 5?
  A: Far Cry New Dawn is a standalone, full-priced game. While it's a direct sequel to Far Cry 5 and reuses a modified version of its map, it does not require Far Cry 5 to play and has its own complete story and progression systems.
• Q: Do I need to play Far Cry 5 before New Dawn to understand the story?
  A: It is highly recommended. New Dawn's narrative, characters (like Joseph Seed, the Ryes, Pastor Jerome), and the overall state of the world are direct consequences of Far Cry 5's ending. Playing FC5 first provides crucial context and emotional weight to New Dawn's events.
• Q: Is there multiplayer in Far Cry New Dawn, and what can you do?
  A: Yes, Far Cry New Dawn supports two-player online cooperative multiplayer. Players can tackle the entire main campaign, liberate Outposts, and undertake Expeditions together. This allows for tactical coordination and mutual support.
• Q: What are Expeditions, and why are they important?
  A: Expeditions are repeatable missions that take players to unique, self-contained locations outside of Hope County (e.g., Alcatraz, a crashed space station). Their primary purpose is to acquire rare, high-tier crafting materials essential for upgrading Elite Rank weapons and vehicles. They offer diverse environments and can be replayed at higher difficulty levels for increased rewards.
• Q: How does the weapon and enemy tier system (RPG-lite mechanics) work?
  A: Both weapons and enemies are tiered (Rank I, II, III, Elite). Higher-ranked enemies are significantly tougher and deal more damage, often requiring weapons of a similar or higher rank to defeat effectively. This encourages players to constantly scavenge, craft, and upgrade their arsenal and home base (Prosperity) to keep pace with escalating threats.
• Q: Can you still fish and hunt like in Far Cry 5?
  A: Yes, fishing and hunting are still present, though slightly de-emphasized compared to FC5. Hunting provides skins and bait, with Monstrous Wildlife offering rare pelts for high-end crafting. Fishing spots are available for catching different types of fish, which can be sold or used in trade.

Powered by the Swarm Engine, the game specializes in rendering thousands of individual entities. It features advanced 'Mud-Tech' for realistic terrain deformation and heavy use of volumetric lighting to emphasize the grimy, neon-soaked atmosphere. PS5 Pro Enhanced support adds higher fidelity reflections and shadows.

Built on the Dunia Engine, New Dawn showcases a striking 'superbloom' post-apocalyptic aesthetic. Hope County is transformed with vibrant, almost alien-looking flora, vivid colors, and unique atmospheric effects like auroras. This contrasts sharply with Far Cry 5's pre-collapse realism. Environmental storytelling is strong, with remnants of the old world overgrown or repurposed by survivors and the Highwaymen. Character models and weapon designs reflect the scavenged, makeshift theme.

Co-composed by John Carpenter and Fractal Edge Music, the soundtrack is a standout 'darksynth' experience. It features heavy synth-wave beats that react dynamically to the intensity of the horde, providing a thumping, rhythmic backbone to the carnage. Audio feedback is key, with distinct 'pings' for weak-point hits.

The original score by Tyler Bates and John Swihart captures the dual nature of the world – hopeful rebuilding mixed with brutal survival. Licensed tracks, often with a retro or folk vibe, feature on in-game radios. The Highwaymen have their own distinct, aggressive musical themes and radio broadcasts, contributing to their menacing presence. Sound design emphasizes the makeshift nature of weapons (clanky, jury-rigged) and the vibrant but dangerous wildlife.

The UI features a minimalist, retro-futuristic aesthetic inspired by 80s computer terminals. It includes a dynamic Ping system for highlighting enemies and resources without voice chat. The HUD clearly displays class-specific cooldowns and squad health status.

The UI retains Far Cry's first-person HUD elements (compass, ammo, health) but with a distinct 'DIY' post-apocalyptic aesthetic. Health is represented by segmented bars that regenerate up to the last full segment. Enemy health bars and rank indicators are more prominent due to the RPG-lite tiered system. Crafting and upgrade menus are frequently accessed and crucial for progression.

Includes 16 major accessibility features, such as full controller remapping, subtitle scaling/backgrounds, colorblind modes, and a robust 'Ping' communication system for non-verbal coordination. Camera shake and motion blur can be toggled to reduce motion sickness.

Far Cry New Dawn inherits many accessibility features from Far Cry 5, including customizable controls (key remapping, sensitivity), aim assist options, adjustable difficulty levels (Easy, Normal, Hard), and extensive subtitle customization (size, background opacity, speaker names). Colorblind modes are also available.

• Persistent internet connection is required for all play modes, including solo. SSD is mandatory due to high-speed asset streaming for the Swarm Engine.
• Laptop Performance Note: The Swarm Engine is highly CPU-intensive. Ensure your laptop is plugged in and set to 'Turbo' or 'Performance' mode to prevent thermal throttling during massive horde encounters.
• Laptop Consideration: G P U T G P: Minimum 80W TGP recommended for stable 60 FPS.
• Laptop Consideration: Cooling Thermals: Dual-fan cooling setups are highly recommended; the engine pushes both CPU and GPU to high utilization.
• Laptop Consideration: C P U Power Limits: Avoid 'Silent' profiles; CPU bottlenecking will cause significant stuttering during horde spawns.
• Laptop Consideration: M U X Switch Optimus: Using a MUX switch to bypass Optimus can provide a 10-15% performance boost in high-density combat.
• Optimization Detail: Upscaling Tech: Supports DLSS 3.5, FSR 3.0, and XeSS.
• Optimization Detail: Key Settings Impact: Shadow quality and Crowd Density have the highest impact on frame rates.
• Game Name: John Carpenter Toxic Commando

• Official system requirements from Ubisoft (as of game launch). Performance can vary depending on specific hardware, settings, and background applications. An SSD is strongly recommended for optimal performance. The game shares a similar performance profile to Far Cry 5, though the vibrant 'superbloom' aesthetic can sometimes be demanding in dense areas.
• Laptop Performance Note: Laptop models of listed desktop GPUs may work if their performance is comparable. Performance on laptops is also heavily influenced by cooling and the GPU's Total Graphics Power (TGP). The estimated laptop specs below are approximate and reflect performance tiers for the game's original release period. **Modern laptop GPUs (NVIDIA RTX 30-series, RTX 40-series, and newer AMD equivalents) will significantly exceed these original recommendations and offer excellent performance across all resolutions, similar to Far Cry 5.**
• Laptop Consideration: G P U T G P: Higher TGP in a laptop GPU generally correlates with better sustained performance.
• Laptop Consideration: Cooling Thermals: Good cooling is essential to prevent thermal throttling during demanding gameplay.
• Laptop Consideration: C P U Power Limits: Laptops with higher CPU power limits can maintain boost clocks longer.
• Laptop Consideration: M U X Switch Optimus: Using a MUX switch (if available) or ensuring the dedicated GPU is prioritized over integrated graphics (via NVIDIA Control Panel/AMD Software) is recommended for optimal framerates.
• Optimization Detail: Key Settings Impact: Texture Quality, Shadow Quality, Water Quality, Volumetric Fog, and Anti-Aliasing heavily impact performance. The game is graphically similar to Far Cry 5, but the post-apocalyptic environment features dense foliage and unique particle effects that can be demanding.
• Game Name: Far Cry New Dawn

• Key Settings Impact: Texture Quality, Shadow Quality, Water Quality, Volumetric Fog, and Anti-Aliasing heavily impact performance. The game is graphically similar to Far Cry 5, but the post-apocalyptic environment features dense foliage and unique particle effects that can be demanding.

• G P U T G P: Minimum 80W TGP recommended for stable 60 FPS.
• Cooling Thermals: Dual-fan cooling setups are highly recommended; the engine pushes both CPU and GPU to high utilization.
• C P U Power Limits: Avoid 'Silent' profiles; CPU bottlenecking will cause significant stuttering during horde spawns.
• M U X Switch Optimus: Using a MUX switch to bypass Optimus can provide a 10-15% performance boost in high-density combat.

• G P U T G P: Higher TGP in a laptop GPU generally correlates with better sustained performance.
• Cooling Thermals: Good cooling is essential to prevent thermal throttling during demanding gameplay.
• C P U Power Limits: Laptops with higher CPU power limits can maintain boost clocks longer.
• M U X Switch Optimus: Using a MUX switch (if available) or ensuring the dedicated GPU is prioritized over integrated graphics (via NVIDIA Control Panel/AMD Software) is recommended for optimal framerates.