Select Games to Compare
Benchmark your exact mobile GPU wattage (TGP), battery throttling drops, and cooling pad requirements for these games.
RuneScape: Dragonwilds vs Dying Light 2 Stay Human
| close | close |
|---|---|
| shopping_cart Where to Buy | |
| info General Information | |
| Release Date | |
| Sep 15, 2026 | Feb 4, 2022 |
| Developer | |
| Jagex | Techland |
| Publisher | |
| Jagex | Techland Publishing |
| Genre(s) | |
| Cooperative Open-World Survival | Action RPG, Open World, Survival Horror, Parkour, First-Person |
| Engine | |
| Unreal Engine 5 | C-Engine (Techland's in-house engine) |
| stars Ratings & Price | |
| Content Rating | |
| T for Teen (Estimated) | Mature 17+ |
| Avg. User Rating | |
| 4.5 / 5.0 | 4.0 / 5.0 |
| Current Price (USD) | |
| $29.99 | $59.99 |
| tune Key Specs | |
| Quick Highlights | |
|
|
| sports_esports Gameplay & Mechanics | |
| Companions/Followers | |
|
|
| Key Collectibles | |
|
|
| Key Themes | |
|
|
| colorize Combat & Gear | |
| Weapons Overview | |
|
|
| Armor / Gear Sets | |
|
|
| Outfits/Customization | |
|
|
| trending_up Progression & Upgrades | |
| Skills & Progression | |
|
Eschewing traditional survival-game tech trees, Dragonwilds ports the granular 99-level progression system directly from its MMORPG roots. Skills like Woodcutting, Mining, and Agility are leveled organically through continuous action. Rather than rewarding players with mere passive numerical buffs, achieving level milestones unlocks game-changing 'Skill Spells' driven by a complex rune economy. For example, high-level woodcutters can cast Axtral Projection to instantaneously fell entire groves, while agility masters unlock Windstep to dash across massive chasms. The Artisan skill drastically overhauls base building, introducing critical quality-of-life logistics like the Storage Ledger, which automatically sorts loot into categorized chests, completely mitigating the inventory-management friction typically found in the survival crafting genre. This deeply intertwined skill ecosystem makes every action feel permanently rewarding. |
Aiden has two main skill trees: Combat (unlocking new melee moves, weapon proficiency, and toughness) and Parkour (unlocking advanced traversal abilities like wall runs, slides, and improved jumps). Skill points are earned by performing combat actions and parkour maneuvers respectively. Inhibitors, found in GRE containers, are used to upgrade Health and Stamina, which also gate access to higher-tier skills. Crafting allows Aiden to create weapon mods, consumables (medkits, boosters), and throwable items using scavenged resources. Blueprints for crafting are found or earned. |
| public World & Exploration | |
| World & Level Design | |
|
Unlike traditional survival titles that rely on algorithmic procedural generation, Dragonwilds features the statically handcrafted continent of Ashenfall. This deliberate topographical design creates strict environmental gating and tightly curated discovery. Players initiate their journey in the temperate Fractured Plains before expanding into the densely forested verticality of Brynmoor and Ghornfell. The difficulty spikes aggressively in Fellhollow, a region defined by decaying, corrupted environments and sunken cemeteries overflowing with undead. Late-game progression forces players into the Umbral Sands, a vast desert enforcing severe heat and hydration mechanics. The absolute pinnacle of the map is the Scorned Wilderness, a 1.0 endgame raid environment featuring floating islands, toxic waterfalls, and crumbled cathedrals that can only be navigated utilizing advanced agility mechanics and magic, offering a fundamentally different scale of environmental challenge. |
The City of Villedor is significantly larger than Harran from the first game, divided into two main districts: Old Villedor (a more classic European-style area with smaller buildings, easier for early parkour) and the Central Loop (a modern downtown area with skyscrapers, requiring advanced parkour tools like the grappling hook and paraglider). There are also surrounding areas, GRE Quarantines, and Dark Hollows. The map is dense with verticality, encouraging rooftop traversal. |
| Playable Vehicles | |
|
|
| Notable Fauna/Mounts | |
|
|
| book Story & Characters | |
| Main Characters | |
|
|
| Example Missions | |
|
|
| people Multiplayer | |
| Multiplayer Details | |
|
Multiplayer functionality completely abandons peer-to-peer architecture in favor of robust dedicated servers. This allows up to six players (with plans to expand this cap) to occupy a single persistent world. The persistence ensures that massive time-gated activities—such as crop cultivation, automated smelting via Artisan upgrades, and base structural integrity—continue evolving even when players are offline. The 1.0 update also solidifies cooperative raid mechanics, explicitly demanding tight party synergy to survive the Scorned Wilderness. While the core experience is entirely cooperative PvE, the game also offers a low-stress Creative Mode with unrestricted building and deactivated enemy aggression, catering to architectural enthusiasts who wish to bypass the grueling combat and material refinement loops. |
Features a 4-player online cooperative mode, allowing players to experience the entire main story campaign and most side activities together. Players can join a host's game, and progression is largely tied to the host, though players retain their character progression and inventory. Co-op enhances combat and exploration with team tactics. |
| extension Editions & DLC | |
| Available Editions | |
|
Jagex has positioned RuneScape: Dragonwilds aggressively in the market with a baseline digital edition priced at $29.99 across Steam, Epic Games Store, PlayStation Network, and Xbox Live. For enthusiasts, a $9.99 Deluxe Edition Upgrade is available, offering exclusive cosmetic base-building decor and the highly sought-after Gilded Paladin armor set. Physical media collectors can purchase a premium Physical Deluxe Edition for consoles, which includes a collectible Steelbook case, three embroidered patches representing the core Melee, Magic, and Ranged combat triangles, a physical cloth map of the Ashenfall continent, and an exclusive Gold Trim Rune Armour figurine produced in partnership with Youtooz. To ensure massive day-one server populations, the game is also accessible via major subscription platforms like Xbox Game Pass Ultimate and PlayStation Plus Extra. |
Available in Standard, Deluxe, and Ultimate Editions. Deluxe Edition included digital artbook, soundtrack, exclusive weapon charms, wallpapers, comic, and the first story DLC ('Bloody Ties'). Ultimate Edition included all Deluxe content, plus the second story DLC (yet to be released as of mid-2024), 2h Night XP Boost, crafting items, and two more outfit/weapon skin packs. A Collector's Edition with physical items was also available. |
| Post-Launch Content / DLC | |
|
The version 1.0 release is explicitly designated as the conclusion of the introductory narrative, with a vast, multi-year roadmap already formalized. The first major content drop is the free 'Luminance Update' slated for Winter 2026. This expansion will introduce the highly anticipated Prayer skill, functioning as a hybrid support mechanic where players bury bones and construct altars to toggle powerful passive buffs that drain a new Prayer point resource. Looking further ahead to 2027, Jagex has confirmed the 'Shadows of Ashenfall' expansion, which will introduce entirely new corrupted biomes and story content. Furthermore, the development team is actively iterating on a highly requested Hardcore Mode, which will implement permanent death and aggressive enemy scaling to fundamentally alter the survival calculus for veteran players. |
Techland has committed to 5+ years of post-launch support. The first story DLC, 'Bloody Ties' (arena combat themed), has been released. A second major story DLC is planned. Numerous free updates have added new content, features (like transmog, new parkour challenges, graphics options), seasonal events, and cosmetic packs (Chapter Agents, skin bundles). |
| help_outline FAQ | |
| Frequently Asked Questions | |
|
|
| build Technical Details | |
| Graphics & Visual Fidelity | |
|
Powered by Unreal Engine 5, Dragonwilds boasts dense environmental geometry, dynamic volumetric lighting via Lumen, and complex atmospheric effects that elevate the survival genre's visual standards. On high-end PCs, the game renders incredibly detailed armor textures—like the metallic sheen of a Dragon Kiteshield—and lush, wind-reactive foliage. However, this high visual ceiling necessitates heavy optimization scaling on weaker hardware. The Nintendo Switch 2 version has faced significant scrutiny; to maintain a locked 30 FPS, the game renders at a native 540p resolution heavily upscaled to 1080p using DLSS, resulting in noticeable texture compression, blurred visuals, and an over-reliance on bloom lighting. Despite these handheld compromises, the core visual art direction masterfully blends the high-fantasy aesthetic of Gielinor with the gritty, grounded reality of a survival sandbox. |
Powered by Techland's C-Engine, the game showcases a detailed and dilapidated urban environment. It features advanced lighting, dense geometry, volumetric fog, and detailed character/infected models. Ray tracing options (Global Illumination, Shadows, Reflections, Ambient Occlusion) are available on PC and current-gen consoles, significantly enhancing visual fidelity but also being very demanding. |
| Audio & Soundtrack | |
|
Audio design plays a critical role in both immersion and combat execution. The 1.0 combat overhaul introduced vital audio cues for the new parry mechanics; successfully executing a visceral parry triggers a distinct, heavy metallic resonance that serves as an immediate auditory reward and signals the burst-damage window. Environmentally, the soundscape transitions seamlessly from the serene, wind-swept ambiance of the Fractured Plains to the oppressive, echoing groans of the Fellhollow cemeteries. Musically, Jagex has masterfully re-orchestrated classic Old School RuneScape MIDI tracks into sweeping, cinematic orchestral arrangements tailored for Unreal Engine 5. The iconic 'Sea Shanty 2' and 'Harmony' themes return as dynamic ambient tracks that swell during base-building moments and seamlessly transition into high-tempo battle anthems when hostile entities initiate combat. |
Original score composed by Olivier Deriviere, featuring a dynamic system that adapts the music to gameplay intensity and player actions (e.g., during parkour sequences or intense combat). Sound design emphasizes visceral melee impacts, distinct infected vocalizations, and the atmospheric tension of night-time exploration. The Biomarker's ticking sound adds to the infection mechanic's urgency. |
| User Interface (UI/UX) | |
|
The User Interface in Dragonwilds has been meticulously designed to handle the complex logistical demands of both an MMORPG and a survival crafter. A defining UI triumph is the integration of the Artisan 'Storage Ledger.' Instead of manually opening dozens of individual chests to deposit loot after a long expedition, players can interact with a central ledger UI that automatically siphons corresponding materials from their inventory into designated, pre-sorted containers. The combat UI has been streamlined to clearly telegraph stamina pools, special attack meters, and elemental buildup debuffs without obscuring the action. On portable devices like the Steam Deck and Switch 2, the UI utilizes dynamic scaling to ensure text readability and inventory management remain perfectly legible despite the smaller screen real estate. |
First-person HUD displaying health, stamina, infection timer (biomarker), equipped weapon/tool, and objective markers. A compass aids navigation. Crafting and inventory menus are accessible. Skill trees are visually represented. The day-night cycle and infection status are prominent UI elements. |
| Accessibility Options | |
|
Jagex has implemented profound accessibility features primarily centered around reducing cognitive load and mechanical friction. The Artisan skill's 'Storage Ledger' automates inventory management, significantly aiding players who struggle with spatial organization or find manual sorting physically fatiguing. The new combat system's 'animation cancelling' allows players to abort attacks mid-swing to block, removing the punishing, lock-in animations that typically alienate players with slower reaction times. The game features full cross-platform invite codes, entirely bypassing complex account linking or third-party friend systems. Furthermore, customizable UI scaling, extensive subtitle options with directional indicators, and the inclusion of a Creative Mode ensure that players of all mechanical skill levels can engage with the world of Ashenfall without being overwhelmed by punishing survival mechanics. |
Offers a range of accessibility options: customizable controls (key remapping on PC), subtitle customization (size, background, speaker names), colorblind modes, options to change QTEs from taps to holds, aim assist, adjustable FOV (PC), motion blur toggle, head bob toggle, and various audio/visual cues. |
| video_library Media Links | |
| Gameplay Video | |
| launchWatch | launchWatch |
| Walkthrough/Guide | |
| launchView | launchView |
| settings_applications System Requirements | |
| 1080p (Full HD) - Recommended RT (1080p ~60 FPS, High RT Preset) (Ray Tracing High Preset (likely with DLSS/FSR Quality/Performance)) CPU: CPU for 1080p/60FPS with RT. CPU (Laptop): High-end laptop CPUs. GPU: Recommended desktop GPU for 1080p/60FPS with High RT. GPU (Laptop): High-end RT capable laptop GPUs. 8GB+ VRAM crucial, upscaling vital. RAM: 16GB RAM required. Storage: NVMe SSD strongly recommended. | |
| — | memoryCPU: Intel Core i7-9700K or AMD Ryzen 7 3700X developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 (10GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i7-11800H / AMD Ryzen 7 5800H or better laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti Mobile (8GB, Max TGP) / RTX 4070 Mobile (8GB, Max TGP). **An RTX 3080 Mobile or RTX 4080 Mobile would provide a more stable high RT experience.** layersRAM: 16 GB saveStorage (Tier): 60 GB NVMe SSD |
| 1080p (Full HD) - Minimum RT (1080p ~30 FPS, Low RT Preset) (Ray Tracing Low Preset (likely with DLSS/FSR Quality/Balanced)) CPU: CPU for 1080p/30FPS with RT. CPU (Laptop): Mid-to-high range laptop CPU. GPU: Minimum desktop GPU for 1080p/30FPS with RT. GPU (Laptop): Entry-level RT capable laptop GPUs. Upscaling essential. RAM: 16GB RAM required. Storage: SSD required. | |
| — | memoryCPU: Intel Core i5-8600K or AMD Ryzen 5 3600X developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 (8GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i7-10750H / AMD Ryzen 7 4800H or better laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Mobile (6GB, High TGP) / RTX 4050 Mobile (6GB, High TGP). **An RTX 3070 Mobile or RTX 4060 Mobile would be significantly better for RT.** layersRAM: 16 GB saveStorage (Tier): 60 GB SSD |
| 1080p (Full HD) - Recommended (High Preset, 60 FPS) CPU: Provides the necessary multi-core performance for smooth base rendering and complex enemy AI swarms. CPU (Laptop): Ensures background tasks and the game's server logic do not interrupt frame pacing. GPU: Allows for high-quality textures and enables DLSS/FSR for a stable 60 FPS experience. GPU (Laptop): Delivers excellent 1080p performance utilizing hardware upscaling technologies. RAM: Provides a massive buffer for Unreal Engine 5's streaming assets, resulting in a completely stutter-free experience. Storage: Optimizes load times heavily for rapid fast-travel via the Home Teleport spell. | |
memoryCPU: Intel Core i5-10600 / AMD Ryzen 5 3600 developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA RTX 2070 (6GB) / AMD RX 5700 XT (8GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i7-11800H / AMD Ryzen 7 5800H laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA RTX 3060 (Mobile) / AMD RX 6600M layersRAM: 16 GB saveStorage (Tier): 25 GB NVMe SSD | — |
| 1080p (Full HD) - Recommended (1080p ~60 FPS, High Preset, No Ray Tracing) (High Preset, Ray Tracing OFF) CPU: Recommended desktop CPU for 1080p/60FPS without RT. CPU (Laptop): Estimated mid-range to high-end laptop CPUs. GPU: Recommended desktop GPU for 1080p/60FPS High without RT. GPU (Laptop): Estimated performance-focused laptop GPUs. 6GB+ VRAM crucial. RAM: 16GB RAM strongly recommended. Storage: SSD strongly recommended. | |
| — | memoryCPU: Intel Core i5-8600K or AMD Ryzen 5 3600X developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 (6GB) or AMD Radeon RX Vega 56 (8GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i7-9750H / AMD Ryzen 7 4800H equivalent or better laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 Mobile (6GB, High TGP) / RTX 3060 Mobile (6GB, High TGP) or AMD Radeon RX 6600M. **An RTX 3060 Mobile (High TGP) or RTX 4060 Mobile is a good target for 1080p High 60FPS.** layersRAM: 16 GB saveStorage (Tier): 60 GB SSD |
| 1080p (Full HD) - Minimum (Low Preset, 30 FPS) CPU: Provides baseline physics calculations and handles basic AI routines for low-density combat encounters. CPU (Laptop): Equivalent mobile processors that can maintain base game logic without severe bottlenecking. GPU: Entry-level GPUs capable of rendering UE5 at 1080p with heavy upscaling assistance. GPU (Laptop): Sufficient VRAM to prevent texture pop-in on the lowest graphical settings. RAM: Absolute minimum to load the game and OS, though page-file swapping may occur during intense sequences. Storage: Fast storage ensures textures load before the player physically enters a new biome. | |
memoryCPU: Intel Core i3-8100 / AMD Ryzen 5 1600 developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GTX 1060 (6GB) / AMD RX 5600XT / Intel Arc A750 laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i5-10300H / AMD Ryzen 5 4600H laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GTX 1650 Ti / RTX 3050 (Mobile) layersRAM: 8 GB saveStorage (Tier): 25 GB SSD | — |
| 1080p (Full HD) - Minimum (1080p ~30 FPS, Low Preset, No Ray Tracing) (Low Preset, Ray Tracing OFF) CPU: Minimum desktop CPU for 1080p at lower settings without RT. CPU (Laptop): Estimated laptop CPU equivalent. Newer i5/Ryzen 5 H-series recommended. GPU: Minimum desktop GPU for 1080p at lower settings without RT. GPU (Laptop): Estimated laptop GPUs. 4GB VRAM is absolute minimum. RAM: Minimum RAM requirement. Storage: HDD is absolute minimum, expect long load times. | |
| — | memoryCPU: Intel Core i3-9100 or AMD Ryzen 3 2300X developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (4GB) or AMD Radeon RX 560 (4GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i5-9300H / AMD Ryzen 5 3550H equivalent or better laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Mobile (4GB) or AMD Radeon RX 5500M. **An RTX 3050 Mobile or RTX 4050 Mobile would be a much better entry point for stable 1080p Low/Medium.** layersRAM: 8 GB saveStorage (Tier): 60 GB HDD |
| 1440p (QHD/2K) - High RT (1440p ~60 FPS, High RT Preset with DLSS/FSR Performance) (Ray Tracing High Preset, DLSS/FSR Performance) CPU: Desktop CPU for 1440p/60FPS with RT. CPU (Laptop): Top-tier laptop CPUs. GPU: Desktop GPU for 1440p/60FPS with High RT. GPU (Laptop): Flagship laptop GPUs needed. 12GB+ VRAM essential. RAM: 32GB RAM strongly recommended. Storage: NVMe SSD required. | |
| — | memoryCPU: Intel Core i7-11700K or AMD Ryzen 9 5900X developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 Ti (12GB) / RTX 4070 Ti (12GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i9-12900H / AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX or better laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 Mobile (12GB, Max TGP). **An RTX 4090 Mobile would be better. Even then, fine-tuning settings and upscaling will be essential.** layersRAM: 16 GB saveStorage (Tier): 60 GB NVMe SSD |
| 1440p (QHD/2K) - High Performance (Ultra Preset, 60 FPS) CPU: Tackles heavy base-building object counts and massive enemy wave spawns without dropping frames. CPU (Laptop): Top-tier mobile CPUs required to sustain 1440p geometry rendering. GPU: Pushes native 1440p textures beautifully while handling complex volumetric lighting. GPU (Laptop): High TGP required to manage the thermal load of rendering UE5 at 1440p. RAM: Ideal for running background tasks, discord, and maintaining a localized dedicated server for friends. Storage: Maximum bandwidth for instant texture streaming and zero LOD pop-in. | |
memoryCPU: Intel Core i7-12700K / AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA RTX 3080 / AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i9-12900H / AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA RTX 3080 Ti (Mobile) / RTX 4070 (Mobile) layersRAM: 32 GB saveStorage (Tier): 25 GB PCIe Gen 4 SSD | — |
| 2160p (UHD/4K) - Enthusiast (Epic Preset, 60 FPS) CPU: Absolute peak processing power to ensure 1% lows never drop below 60fps during intense boss encounters. CPU (Laptop): Desktop replacement CPUs capable of maintaining immense processing throughput. GPU: Mandatory hardware for 4K rendering with frame generation and maximum lighting fidelity. GPU (Laptop): The only mobile GPU class capable of rendering UE5 at 4K resolution at acceptable frame rates. RAM: Prevents any memory bottlenecks at extreme resolutions. Storage: Provides instantaneous asset streaming required for 4K textures. | |
memoryCPU: Intel Core i9-13900K / AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA RTX 4080 / AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i9-13980HX / AMD Ryzen 9 7945HX laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA RTX 4090 (Mobile) layersRAM: 32 GB saveStorage (Tier): 25 GB PCIe Gen 4/5 SSD | — |
| 2160p (UHD/4K) - Ultra RT (2160p/4K ~60 FPS, Medium/High RT Preset with DLSS/FSR Ultra Performance) (Ray Tracing Medium/High, DLSS/FSR Ultra Performance) CPU: Desktop CPU for 4K/60FPS with RT. CPU (Laptop): Flagship laptop CPUs absolute necessity. GPU: Top-tier desktop GPU for attempting 4K/60FPS with RT, heavily reliant on upscaling. GPU (Laptop): The absolute best laptop GPU available, and will still struggle without aggressive upscaling and optimized RT settings. RAM: 32GB RAM essential. Storage: NVMe SSD required. | |
| — | memoryCPU: Intel Core i9-12900K or AMD Ryzen 9 7900X developer_boardGPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 (24GB) laptop_macCPU (L): Intel Core i9-13900HX / AMD Ryzen 9 7945HX or better laptop_windowsGPU (L): NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile (16GB, Max TGP). **Achieving stable 4K/60FPS with high ray tracing settings on a laptop is extremely challenging. A hypothetical next-gen flagship (e.g., RTX 5090 Mobile or AMD equivalent) would be required for a more comfortable experience at this level. (Highly Speculative)** layersRAM: 32 GB saveStorage (Tier): 60 GB NVMe SSD |
| save Overall Storage | |
| Spec: 25 GB Solid State Drive (SSD) Note: An SSD is strictly required to prevent traversal stuttering when crossing regional boundaries and to load high-fidelity assets instantly. Type: SSD | Spec: 60 GB available space (SSD Recommended). Note: An NVMe SSD is recommended for the best experience due to asset streaming and fast loading. Type: SSD |
| desktop_windows Operating System | |
| Spec: Windows 10 (64-bit) Explanation: A 64-bit OS is required to address memory efficiently due to the massive open-world map and high-resolution textures. | Spec: Windows 7 (No longer officially supported post-launch updates), Windows 10, Windows 11 (64-bit versions only) Explanation: 64-bit Windows 10 or Windows 11 is recommended for ongoing support and best performance. |
| gamepad DirectX Version | |
| Spec: DirectX 12 Explanation: DX12 is mandatory for Unreal Engine 5 features such as Lumen dynamic lighting and Nanite virtualized geometry. | Spec: DirectX 11 (DirectX 12 recommended for ray tracing and potentially better performance on compatible hardware) Explanation: DX11 is minimum, DX12 offers advanced features. |
| info_outline Other Game Notes | |
|
|
| build Optimization Details | |
|
|
| laptop Laptop Considerations | |
|
|
info_outline Feature details based on available data. System requirements and performance estimates may vary.
laptop_chromebook Laptop Recommendations
Common Recommendations (Handles All Compared Games)
For RuneScape: Dragonwilds Specifically
info_outline Laptop recommendations are estimates based on available component benchmarks and game requirements. Actual performance may vary depending on settings, drivers, cooling, power limits, etc. Prices and availability subject to change. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.